Equivalent:
Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik
Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2023
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN CHARACTE AND IVAN ILYICH CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN THE SHORT STORIES THE DEATH OF IVAN ILYICH WRITTEN BY LEO TOLYSTOY
Gilang Bintang, Satria
Raditiyanto
Faculty of Social Sciences and Letters, Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia
Email: gilangbintang@ukri.ac.id, satriaraditiyanto@ukri.ac.id
Abstract
In this
Literature research, the researcher will analyze about the characterization
from the several main character and Ivan Ilyich character analysis as the main
character from the short stories: The Death of Ivan Ilyich Written by Leo
Tolystoy. This short stories also has scores another triumph for Nobel Prize
winner. This Short stories is the filled with Ivan Ilyich profound vision of
life, as the honest Judgment of a high court prosecutor in 19th-century Russian
miserable husband, the proud father, and upwardly-mobile member of Russia's
professional class, the object of Tolstoy's unremitting satire. The researcher
will completed the character explanation with the description about the several
characterizations from the another main character base from the short story
written by Leo Tolystoy. Short stories are short stories with a small page 20
until 50 pages, considerably longer, depicting a real
life in a complex sequence of events. Rees states that short stories is the
most widely being read of all kinds of literature (1973:106). The Literature
research will analyze about the characterization from the several main
character, and analyze the Ivan Ilyich character base from E.M. Foster (1927),
and the Ivan Ilyich obsession base from the short stories with using the
structural elements of literature study.
Keywords: The
characterizations analysis; Ivan Ilyich character analysis; Ivan Ilyich
obsession; The Death of Ivan Ilyich short stories.
Pendahuluan
Short stories
are short stories with a small page 20 until 50 pages, considerably longer,
depicting a real life in a complex sequence of events (Julpiqar,
2016). Rees
states that short stories is the most widely being read of all kinds of
literature (Sari, 2018).
Researchers are interested
in analyzing the character of Ivan Ilyich because we are more interested in
knowing the character of Ivan Ilyich in this short story written by Leo
Tolystoy.
Getting in touch
with character analysis will highly raise awareness of the values of life since
it implies moral and social values as well (Hikmasari,
Susanto, & Syam, 2021).
Working on literature is expected to bring the researcher to deepen of
consciousness in gazing at value of life (Azzahra,
2012). In
this case the researcher
wants to analyze and show the general description about the main character
Ivan Ilyich.
One of Leo
Tolystoy short stories, The Death of Ivan Ilyich, is a dramatic stories with a
lot of conflicts and motives. But the researcher will discussion more specifics
with the character of Ivan Ilyich, and the researcher will describe about the
characterization from the several main character likes; Praskovya Fedorovna,
Peter Ivanovich, Gerasim, Lisa, Vladimir Ivanich (Vasya), and Fedor Petrovich
(Petrishchev).
This short story
also has scores another triumph for Nobel Prize winner. This Short stories is
the filled with Ivan Ilyich profound vision of life, The honest judgment of the
chief prosecutor of 19th century Russia - a hapless husband, proud father and
newcomer to the Russian professional class, the constant object of Tolstoy's
satire. Living a seemingly good life; despite a bad relationship with his wife,
Ivan Ilyich Golovin hits his side as he draws the curtains in a new apartment
designed to reflect His family's privileged position in society (Imanuel,
2019).
Dealing with
statements of the problem and scope of the research, the scope of the research
will be described as follows: The scope of our literature research are to try
for understand how to arrange a research so that we could figure it out easier
someday, and to analyze the characterization form several main character and
from Ivan Ilyich character (Ningrum,
2018).
The purpose of this research is: a) The aim of the research is the life of a simple man namely
Ivan Ilyich, which focuses on his struggle in his life. b) To describe the
characterization from the several the main character from the short story The
Death of Ivan Ilyich Written by Leo Tolystoy. c) To describe the Ivan Ilyich
character and characterization as the main character. d) To describe the Ivan
Ilyich obsession base on the short story The Death of Ivan Ilyich Written by
Leo Tolystoy. e) To describe the internal and external conflicts experienced by
Ivan ilyich.
Method
The research variable used in this study is the writing
of the character Ivan Ilyich in the short story Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo
Tolstoy, explaining attitudes, reactions, perpetrators of certain events,
habits, or circumstances. The research design is a literature study that then
investigates the variables and provides operational definitions of the research
variables (Ahmad, 2018). The method used in this
research is a qualitative descriptive method, namely collecting, transforming,
and analyzing data presented objectively (Nugrahani & Hum, 2014). The approach used is the
descriptive method, namely the procedure for solving the problem investigated
by describing the state of the research object based on the facts as they are (Tohirin, 2013). The last activity is
writing a research report and drawing conclusions (Soendari, 2012).
Results and Discussions
1. Character
(Handayani, 2013) distinguishes between Flat and Round character, he said that Flat characters are some characters that build in some kind of caricatures, maybe types in their purest form, just constructed around a single idea or quality and could be expressed just one sentence. We can also say that such characters do not develop in the course of the action. In the other hand, round character are defined by contractive implication, namely those that are not flat, it having more than one quality and developing in the course of the action (Raudatussolihah, 2016).
2. Characterization
Analysis is the process of breaking down a complex subject or matter into smaller parts in order to better understand it. The technique has been applied to the study of mathematics and logic, although analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development (Rinaldi, Hanoum, & Sinansari, 2021).
The Characterization Analysis From The Short Stories The Death of Ivan Ilyich Written
by Leo Tolystoy
1.
The Characterization
of the Main Character
a.
Ivan Ilyich
He is the husband from Praskovya Fedorovna, and the father from Lisa and Vladimir Ivanich (Vasya). Ivan Ilyich having works as the honest judge who work well. When he was sick, Ivan Ilyich does not accept the fact that his age will not be long now, this is the irony of Ivan Ilyich is always honest in his life.
Ivan's defining
characteristic and greatest flaw is that he lives his life according to other
people's instructions. Instead of relying on his own reason and common sense to
guide his moral life, Ivan blindly embraces the beliefs and values of
aristocratic society. Like a fly to a bright light, Ivan is attracted to people
of high social status. He believed that by emulating their behavior and
lifestyle, by following the path prescribed by high society, his own life would
go according to plan and he would find meaning and fulfillment. Ivan was
obsessed with propriety and decorum, the etiquette of high society. He started
acting on his stance. He took a wife because of course young lawyers should. He
bought a house in the city and adorned it with elaborate finery, since a
cultured nobleman should have material status symbols.
As Ivan grew
accustomed to decency, he became less and less tolerant of anything that
threatened his own comfort and material well-being. He protects himself from
any unpleasant influences. When Praskovya introduces something unseemly and
uncomfortable about her pregnancy, Ivan withdraws from his wife and immerses
himself in his official duties. When married life gets difficult, Ivan takes a
formal contractual position with his family. Ivan's professional ability to
reduce complex cases to paper forms, and to deal with underlying emotional and
personal situations with a ruthless facade is evident in every aspect of his
life.
To avoid
discomfort, Ivan reduces his relationships to shallow, self-sustaining
simulations. By embracing the values of aristocratic society,
Ivan isolates himself from the world instead of using his wits to figure out
what is really meaningful in life. Instead of meaning and satisfaction, Ivan
finds only pain and dissatisfaction. However, Ivan is not just a character who
goes astray. He is a representative figure in a wider moral system. The
bourgeois sensibility represented by Ivan, the aristocratic type imbued with
extreme materialism and egoism, becomes inadequate and completely unrealized
under Ivan's example. Just as Ivan's death made him realize what was wrong with
his life, it also sent a message to readers that a life without compassion and
empathetic relationships would lead to an equally unattainable ending.
So Ivan's illness can be seen as a healing effect. By forcing Ivan to confront the prospect of his death, he faces his own isolation. This isolation terrifies Ivan and prompts serious existential reflection. As Ivan begins to examine his life, questioning his own existence and the reason for his suffering, he slowly begins to realize that his life is not supposed to be like this. Ivan's illness revealed to him the true nature of life. In the climax of the novel, when Ivan enters into the existence of light and realizes that compassion and love are the true value of life, the priceless happiness he experiences is a proof of this quality of life.
b.
Praskovya Fedorovna
Praskovya Fedorovna are the wife of Ivan Ilyich, he was a petty, hypocritical, and difficult to understand. During her illness, she hopes her husband die. After her husband dies with the tears, he urges Peter Ivanovich with the questions about her husband's pension fund.
c.
Peter Ivanovich
Peter Ivanovich
is Co-worker and close friend of Ivan Ilyich. He is a colleague of Ivan Ilych and only
appears in the first chapter of the novel. However, since the narrator spends a
great deal of time describing his thoughts and actions, Peter and his vision of
Ivan's life and society play an important role in establishing the setting and
values of the story. Peter as a representative of Ivan's social
life. His relationships with people are superficial and selfish. Although he
had known Ivan all his life, Peter did not feel much remorse over Ivan's death.
Instead, his thoughts revolved around the career development and mobility that
Ivan's vacancy might lead to. Peter, like the rest of the society he
represents, sees relationships as a tool to achieve his goals. Compassionate
and loving relationships don't exist, and Peter's take on Ivan's death
highlights this feature of society. Besides his closed and selfish qualities,
Peter is characterized by a strong desire to avoid unpleasant things. He dodges the question of Ivan's death, reluctantly attends the funeral, and is generally reluctant to face the prospect of his own death.
d. Gerasim
Gerasim is a male farmers, he is the assistant head nurse maid Ivan Ilyich. He really showes a sense of sympathy at Ivan Ilyich. He is a simple person, and he have the good attitude with Ivan Ilyich, and not like the others who turn a blind eye to the sickness condition and assumed the death of Ivan Ilyich.
e. Lisa
Lisa is the daughter of Ivan Ilyich. When his father dies she is not nice even try to avoid. She is young and tough, but he was selfish and cold.
f. Vladimir Ivanich (Vasya)
Vladimir Ivanich is the son of Ivan Ilyich. He's a strange and sad because his father not careless with him.
g. Fedor Petrovich
(Petrishchev)
Fedor Petrovich (Petrishchev) is Lisa's finance. He's equal with the murder of Ivan Ilyich's family.
2. The Character
Analysis of Ivan Ilyich from The Short Stories The Death of Ivan Ilyich Written
by Leo Tolystoy
Through-out the play, Ivan Ilyich is the kind Judge and always take the honestly action and always take the fair action if he does his job as a judge in his office. Because Ivan Ilyich are always kind and fair in doing his job, a lot of people likes about his action as a judge in his office. There is several character analyses has already found by the researcher are visible on The Death of Ivan Ilyich short stories written by Leo Tolystoy:
c. But behind of this action, in his office having several
colleagues not like about the performance likes Fedor Vasilevich, Ivan Egorovich, and Schwartz (Peter Ivanovich friends).
This Ivan ilyich
colleague didn’t like about the performance of Ivan Ilyich.
d. Ivan Ilyich pain due to
accidents caused by the inclined board and causing him to slip and hit his side. So after a doctor diagnosed
the illness worse Ivan Ilyich that he must stop playing Remi and out.
e. Ivan isolates himself
from the family to visit him but felt more comfortable because he felt the Aides sincerity of the attendants the
family. And for a long time Ivan Ilyich sick because he always isolated himself and thinking about his family he
died because the illness.
The Obsession of Ivan Ilyich
Comparing with the character image from the Ivan Ilyich character in the short stories play, Ivan Ilyich have the obsession is:
Obsession is compulsive idea or emotion associated with the subconscious and exerting a more or less persistent influence upon conduct and behavior (Arni & Halimah, 2020). The entire human must have some obsession for enjoying the live and for making experiences in the world life. As we can see, through-out the play, Ivan Ilyich as a kind judge and always take action honestly (Restu & Agustina, 2017).
The proved about Ivan Ilyich obsession in Leo Tolstoys argument: Ivan Ilyich worked hard to ultimately lead a life that is worthy of respect, in the eyes of the ‘They’. He started off as a lawyer and ultimately become a high-ranking examining magistrate in his municipality. One might positively believe that he lead an intently superficial life. “Ivan Ilyich himself undertook the decorating, selecting the wallpaper and the upholstery, purchasing more furniture, mostly antiques, which he thought particularly come if fault, and everything progressed until it began to approach the ideal he had set himself.” (Tolstoy, 56).
The another Leo Tolstoys argument is : Upon hearing the news of Ivan Ilyich’s death, Tolstoy describes the feeling of his colleagues as such: “the very fact of the death of a close acquaintance evoked in them all the usual feeling of relief that it was someone else, not they, who had died.” (Tolstoy, 33)
Another proved about the Ivan Ilyich obsession is in Heidegger argument: Heidegger associates this distantiality from death to humanity’s consideration of death as an event in the course of one’s life, similar to one getting married or becoming pregnant. When deemed as such, it is absurd to concern one with the idea of it ahead of time. In ‘Being and Time’, Heidegger describes this phenomenon as Being-towards-the-end, as opposed to Being-a-whole, like such: “Being-towards-the-end has the mode of evasion in the face of it—giving new explanation for it, understanding it in authentically, and concealing it.” (Heidegger, 298).
Another
argument from Heidegger argument is: Ivan Ilyich’s absorption in the
superficial aspects of his life, and his genuine absence from the parenting of
his children are indicative of a life that is lacking meaning, according to
Heidegger. Even when his sickness became terminal, there existed great tension between his reluctance to accept the
inauthentic life he had lived and to reconcile himself, with himself (Heidegger,
166).
Kesimpulan
The conclusions about this research are
in character analyzed of Ivan Ilyich is the honestly judge and always give the
true decision about all the case in his work as a judge in his government
office in this city. The surface stories of Ivan Ilyich's physical decay
leading to death is the stories of a spiritually ill man's progress toward
enlightenment and salvation.
Ivan Ilyich is an honestly judge but
because he always thinking about his job he forget think about his family. His
wife and his child is angry with him because Ivan Ilyich never careless about
his family. When Ivan got sick his family not cares with him. And Ivan Ilyich
isolated himself when he sick until he die his family not careless again. This
Short stories giving a study about the careless in human being lives. If not
careless about the family or all person in your social reality life maybe no
one person careless about you and maybe you got a illness like Ivan Ilyich.
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Gilang
Bintang, Satria Raditiyanto (2023) |
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