Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik
Vol. 5,
No. 1, January 2023
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESOLVING COMMUNITY AND COMPANY LAND
CONFLICTS IN RIAU PROVINCE
Zulfikri
Universitas
Islam Riau, Riau, Indonesia
Email: zulfikripohan@law.uir.ac.com
Abstract
The land development
process carried out by the company in recent decades has caused many conflicts
with the community. It is undeniable that Riau Province is one of the eight
provinces in Sumatra located in the eastern part which is mostly lowland with
the potential for natural resources, especially in the field of plantations and
forestry which makes oil palm plantation companies build many mills, control
and develop land into plantations. Through the analytical descriptive method,
situations and phenomena that become conflicts are presented, especially the
causes and efforts to resolve the conflict. Some of the conflicts
that occurred were given recommendations for alternative resolutions including;
in the form of a study of government policies on right-to-use permits, mapping
forest and plantation areas to obtain clear boundaries, eliminating the basis
of conflict from their actions in conflict, victory of one party and defeat on
the other, compromise, peace and impossibility of reconciliation, intensifying mediation
between conflicting parties and the application of religious teachings as an
effort so that the intensity and duration of conflict can be reduced or
even can be reduced, especially
conflicts that have been going on for a long time due to the repetition of
previous conflicts.
Keywords:. Land conflicts; land disputes.
Introduction
Riau Province is one of
the eight provinces in Sumatra located in the eastern part which is mostly
lowland with natural resource potential, especially in the field of plantations
and forestry which is high in Indonesia such as those in Kalimantan and Papua (Chrisnawan & NIM, 2016).
The exploitation process
also causes frictions in society. Incidents of violence and human rights
violations due to land conflicts between companies and local (adat) communities
in recent years have also often become an actual spectacle for every community
member, both directly and indirectly involved (Mundung, Ansor, Darwis, & Sudeska, 2007) (Chrisnawan & NIM, 2016).
The series of incidents
and conflicts have now spread to almost all parts of Indonesia. For example,
outside Riau Province, some time ago, a violent tragedy was revealed resulting
from a conflict between oil palm plantations and plasma smallholders, the
Mesuji Tragedy, where it was suspected that 30 people died in the tragedy. In
Riau Province itself, conflicts between communities and plantation companies
occurred in Rokan Hulu Regency in 2011, which recorded the highest number
compared to other districts with a percentage reaching 50% of the total
conflict incidents and the area of conflict plantation land that occurred
reached 24,630 hectares. (scale up, 2012).
The trigger for
plantation land conflicts generally stems from the absence of legal certainty
from land tenure and management. The Ministry of Forestry said that around 56%
of the state forest area, which covers a total area of 134.7 million hectares,
is still in a state of overlap in terms of control and management, namely
between the state and local communities (Departemen
Kehutanan, 2002).
Meanwhile, the
Government, in this case the Ministry of Forestry, is only able to complete the
forest area boundary arrangement by 13%, meaning that 87% still has no boundary
system until now.
With such conditions, the
expansion of areas from plantation development and SOEs located on forest land,
both in conversion forest areas and forest areas released into HGU (Hak Guna
Usaha) has generally been on conflicted land in terms of control and management
(Firdaus & Turiman, n.d.). Development on conflicted forest lands then never gets a
solution, especially adequate legal certainty until incidents of violence and
human rights violations increasingly appear.
Research methods
The research method that the author uses to
describe this paper is an analytical descriptive method, namely an effort to
collect, compile and interpret the existing data then analyze the data,
research it, describe and examine more clearly the various factors related to
the conditions, situations and phenomena being investigated (Moleong, 2021).
With the research method used above, it is
hoped that it will be easy to understand the various classifications and wisdom
of the local community as conflict parties in resolving conflicts that occur
from existing data and analyzing them into a new thought in resolving conflicts
that are never complete (Savita & Rindu, 2017).
Results and Discussion
A.
General description
One
of the goals of the state as stated in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution of
the Republic of Indonesia (1945 Constitution) is to promote public welfare (Handayani, 2020). A calm and peaceful situation in life, including in carrying out business
activities and obtaining legal certainty over property rights is an absolute
requirement for creating prosperity. Law Number 6 of 1974 Concerning Social
Welfare Provisions in article 2 paragraph 1 explains that "Social
Welfare" is an order of life and material and spiritual social life which
is encompassed by a sense of safety, decency, and inner and outer peace, which
allows for every citizen to carry out efforts to fulfill the best possible
physical, spiritual and social needs for himself, his family and society by
upholding human rights and obligations in accordance with Pancasila. Further
described in Article 2 Paragraph 2, namely "Social Welfare
Enterprises" are all efforts, programs, and activities aimed at realizing,
fostering, maintaining, restoring and developing social welfare (Wulan, Yasmi, Purba, & Wollenberg, 2004).
The
existence of land conflicts between communities and companies is one of the
problems that hinder the realization of welfare for the community. Land
conflicts on the one hand are in the state's interest to increase investment,
but on the other hand the rights of the community, both individually and
communally, are disrupted and even lost due to corporate efforts (Moleong, 2021).
The
granting of concession permits and Business Use Rights (HGU) by the government
to business actors (investors) should provide legal certainty. Normative
permission or right is the overflow of authority or power to a legal subject to
master or determine a legal act against an object granted a right or permission
by the government (Rusdiana & Nasihudin, 2016). However, in reality, there are not a few land conflicts that occur even
in locations that have received permits or Business Use Rights (HGU) from the
Government.
Communities
lose their rights both individually and communally as a result of permits or
rights granted to companies. The granting of rights and/or permits to companies
should be completely clean and sterile from other rights, including the
personal rights of the community as well as the rights of indigenous peoples.
In
practice, land conflicts that have occurred so far are precisely caused by
rights disputes between communities and companies. This means that legally there
is a problem of certainty of rights which is the main point of land conflict.
In order not to spread and drag on the conflict must receive attention from all
parties, the government, society and companies must be responsible for finding
a solution so that the existing conflict can be resolved. (Rusdiana & Nasihudin, 2016) Conflict resolution must be able to bridge (integrate) all interests
(stakeholders), so that investment continues to run well, and is profitable.
The
philosophical foundation of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 25 of
2007 concerning Investment states: that to accelerate national economic
development and realize Indonesia's political and economic sovereignty, it is
necessary to increase investment to process economic potential into real economic
strength by using capital that comes from, both from within the country and
from abroad.
Investment
as capital and the power of national economic development must not neglect the
rights of the people, as guaranteed by article 28 G paragraph (1) of the 1945
Constitution, as follows: everyone has the right to the protection of personal
self, family, honor, dignity and property under his control, as well as the
right to a sense of security and protection from the threat of fear of doing or
not doing somethingwhich is a human right.
The
state in this case the government also recognizes and protects the rights of
the community as stated in article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution
which reads: the state recognizes and respects the unity of indigenous peoples
and their traditional rights as long as they are alive and in accordance with
the development of society and the principles of the Unitary State of the
Republic of Indonesia, which are regulated in law.
Article
33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution expressly states that: "The
earth, water and natural wealth contained therein are controlled by the state
used for the greatest prosperity of the people". This means that the management and utilization
of customary land as part of Indonesia's natural resources must be carried out
wisely for the prosperity and welfare of the Indonesian people.
Based
on Article 5 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Rules of Akraria it
states that "Akrarian law that applies to earth, water and space is customary
law, as long as it does not conflict with national and state interests, which
are based on national unity, with Indonesian socialism as well as with the
regulations contained in this Law and with other laws and regulations,
everything with due regard to the elements that rely on religious law. This
article does not explain in detail about customary land, only mentions the
recognition of customary provisions that apply in the community. Utilization of
communal land is an effort to carry out management and utilization of communal
land in accordance with the conditions and circumstances, with the aim of
improving the welfare of the community within the customary land environment.Berdasarkan
Lampiran Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah huruf J
angka 6, menyatakan bahwa yang menjadi kewenangan Provinsi adalah Penetapan
tanah ulayat yang lokasinyan lintas Daerah Kabupaten/Kota dalam 1 (satu) Daerah
Provinsi.
In
Riau Province, in fact, land within the customary law community is still recognized,
the management and use of which is based on local customary law provisions and
is recognized by members of the customary law community concerned as their
ulayat land. The recognition and protection of customary law communities by the
Riau Provincial Government is contained in the Regional Regulation of the Riau
Province number 14 of 2018, as well as the Regional Regulation of the Province
of Riau Number 10 of 2015 concerning customary land and its utilization. In its
development, investment and customary land have become two opposite poles,
therefore conflict resolution and finding formulations or investment models
that are just and integrated with the interests of indigenous peoples are a
must to be prepared.
Riau
Province is an area that has a high number of land conflicts between
communities and companies related to natural resources, especially forestry and
plantations. This can be seen in the following cases:
Between
PT. Arara Abadi with the Sahabat Lestari Cooperative, which is located in Kota
Garo Village, Tapung Hilir District, Kampar Regency. Type of Dispute, i.e.
Overlapping community land with companies in the HTI/Concession area.
Between
PT. Rama Jaya Pramukti (RJP) with KOPTAN Beringin Jaya (KOPTAN BJ), located in
Beringin Jaya Village, Tapung Hilir District, Kampar Regency. Types of KKPA
Land Ownership Conflict Disputes.
Between PT, Salim Ivomas Pratama, PT.
Cibaliung Tunggal Plantation, PT. Gunung Mas Raya, PT. Sakti Farmer's Land, PT.
Tunggal Mitra Plantation with the Kenegerian Kubu Malay Tribe Density
Community, located in Kubu District, Rokan Hilir Regency. The type of dispute
is acknowledgment of communal land at the Company's HGU location.
Between
PT. Meridan Sejati Surya Plantation with the Ninik Mamak Maredan Community or
Tunas Jaya Farmers Group, located in Maredan Village, Tualang District, Siak
Regency. The type of dispute is overlapping land of the Ninik Mamak community
in Maredan Village and/or KOPTAN Tunas Jaya.
Between
the Community of Muara Dilam Village and PT Hutahean, located in Muara Dilam
Village, Kunto Darussalam District, Rokan Hulu Regency. Type of Dispute namely
Dispute Agreement with PT. Hutahean.
Conflict
Conflict
comes from the Latin verb configure which means hitting each other.
Sociologically, conflict is defined as a social process between two or more
people (it could also be a group) in which one party tries to get rid of the
other party by destroying it or making it powerless.
Conflict
can also be said to be a form of social interaction when two individuals have
different interests and lose harmony between them. Basically, conflict is a
natural thing and often occurs in everyday life. Conflict, according to
Susetiawan (2000), will occur if a group fights to defend its interests. In
Hobbesian terminology also in Susetiawan, conflict, for profit, security or
glory, will only stop in death.
Max
Weber demonstrated that conflict cannot be excluded from social life. Peace is
nothing more than a change in the form of conflict or in terms of the
antagonists or objects of conflict, or ultimately in the chance of selection.
Dahrendorf
stated that all social life is conflict, because it is change.
There
are several definitions of conflict according to several other experts
(Wikipedia), namely:
According
to Taquiri in Newstorm and Davis, conflict is a legacy of social life that may
apply in various circumstances as a result of the emergence of a state of
disagreement, controversy and conflict between two or more parties
continuously.
According
to Gibson, et al, besides being able to create cooperation, interdependent
relationships can also create conflict. This happens if each component of the
organization has its own interests or goals and does not cooperate with one
another.
According to Robbin, the existence of conflict
in organizations is determined by individual or group perceptions. If they are
not aware of the existence of conflict within the organization then in general
the conflict is assumed not to exist. Conversely, if they perceive that within
the organization there has been a conflict then the conflict has become a
reality.
According
to Minnery, organizational conflict is an interaction between two or more
parties who are related to each other and are interdependent, but are separated
by differences in goals.
According
to Folger & Poole, conflict can be felt, known, expressed through
communication behaviors.
Conflict
according to Pace & Faules, is an expression of conflict between
individuals and other individuals, groups and other groups for several reasons.
In this view, conflict indicates differences between two or more individuals
that are expressed, remembered and experienced.
The
conflict between the two groups has several aspects. Not only based on economic
interests but can also include cultural values, affiliation, religious
cohesiveness and ethnic sentiments.
Although
these things are less important than economic factors, they cannot be excluded
from the conflict that occurs.
B.
Community and Company
Conflict
Conflict
over natural resources is both manifest and latent around and based on the
struggle over natural resources. The perpetrators of the conflict themselves
can be companies, communities or the government with different causes,
intensity of involvement and patterns among the perpetrators of the conflict.
These natural resource conflicts are always linked as a strategy for meeting
individual and household subsistence needs, driving the economy at the local,
regional and national levels to issues of the physical and social environment
surrounding natural resource exploration and exploitation activities. In the
context of human rights, changes to the structure of natural resources actually
eliminate the economic and social (EkoSos) rights of local communities. For
local people who live with a culture of subsistence, changes in the structure
of natural resources can close local people's access to obtaining and enjoying
natural resource wealth such as fishing, hunting, farming, farming, gathering,
enjoying natural products such as resin, honey, rattan. and fruit in the
forest. When the economic and social rights of local communities are disrupted
and even threatened with loss by company activities, this will unknowingly give
birth to a conflict in natural resource management. This condition stimulated
resistance from the community towards the presence of the company. State
administrative policies issued by state administration officials (Government of
Indonesia) in the form of permits granted to companies to manage natural
resources in an area without good and correct studies and analysis and weak
legal accommodation resulting in conflicts over resource management rights
natural resources between foreign companies and local communities, this natural
resource conflict has even claimed many victims both among the companies
themselves and the community.
The
escalation of conflicts over natural resources over forests, land, plantations
and mining has shown a significant increase from year to year and even old
unresolved conflicts often end in mutual attacks between communities and
companies. Deployment Deployment of employees and paid workers and the police
often occur at the request of the company for the reason of securing assets.
However, the fact on the ground that many security measures have resulted in
the forcible expulsion of people from conflict areas and even shootings,
arrests and imprisonment.
On
the other hand, resistance by the community can also be detrimental to the
company, in many cases vital access roads have been blocked so that company
production has stopped, offices have been torched, employees have been taken
hostage, even counter-attacks have resulted in the company being killed.
C.
Causes of Conflict between
Communities and Companies in Riau Province.
Conflicts,
especially land conflicts between communities and companies, are one of the
problems that hinder the realization of prosperity for the community. The
settlement of land conflicts cannot be seen simply. Land conflicts on the one
hand are in the interests of the state to increase investment, but on the other
hand there are community rights, both individually and communally, which are
disrupted and even lost due to company efforts.
Conflict
is indeed a necessity for any society. Especially for multi-ethnic communities
in Indonesia and it is also possible for people in Riau Province with high
natural resource potential. The diversity and uniqueness of culture make this
nation rich in socio-cultural terms. However, this wealth can create
extraordinary potential, due to different points of view in interpreting
something and it may lead to disputes. Moreover, if the difference is actually
framed by the stigma of superiority - superiority. Even in a very homogeneous
society, there is always the potential for conflict. Land for our society has a
multidimensional meaning (Heru Nugroho, 2001), namely: First,
from an economic point of view, land is a means of production that can bring
prosperity. Second, politically land can determine a
person's position in community decision-making. Third,
as a culture can determine the high and low social status of the owner. Fourth, land has a sacred meaning because it deals with inheritance and
transcendental issues.
Because
of the meaning of this meaning there is a tendency that people who own land
will seek to defend their land in any way if their rights are violated. There
is a Javanese proverb that asserts that "whatever risk will be accepted
will still be defended until the end of the blood", is a reflection of how
persistent people are in defending their land (Heru Nugroho, 2001).
Differences
in interests, orientations, tastes, desires, views and others can trigger
conflicts that may be small at first, but if the society is not smart to
respond to and manage them, it will become a humanitarian disaster. In general,
there are four factors that cause conflicts related to land use in Indonesia (Konsorsium
Pembaruan Agraria, 2013).
D.
These factors include:
The
granting of location permits by the government and unilateral determination of
forest areas by the Ministry of Forestry.
BUMN
land management in colonial heritage plantation areas in several provinces
where plantations are the main commodity sector, such as North Sumatra, South
Sumatra and Lampung.
E.
Granting location permits on
community lands.
There
is no strong will from the government to hand over management to the community.
In fact, for generations indigenous peoples have long owned and controlled
forest land in Indonesia with the principle of environmental sustainability.
On
the other hand, there are several things that cause land conflicts between
communities and companies, namely: Demanding land compensation, partnership
pattern agreements that are considered denied by one of the parties, community
land entering the company's concession area, and general rejection of the
company's operations around their villages..
It
is also important to pay attention that land conflicts that occur between
communities and companies are mostly caused by the policy of granting permits
by the government (central or regional) without first seeking approval from the
community as stated by the Agrarian Reform Consortium above. Spatial policies
that do not accommodate the existence of spaces for community rights are the
main source of the problem.
In
addition, the conflict was also triggered by the ambiguity of rights between
the traditional claims of local/customary communities (in the form of
customary/ulayat/hereditary lands) and areas that are the domain of the State,
both in the form of forest areas (in the form of production, protection,
conservation forests) and non-forest areas which are intended for the
development of the plantation sector which on average is entrusted with
management rights to the private sector. Apart from that, the community's
protests and rejection of the company's operations were also caused by
restrictions on community access as a result of the designation of the area as
a protected area or conservation without considering the
sustainability of the livelihoods of the surrounding community.
This
condition then triggers conflicts over overlapping rights claims which in the
end end in many and prolonged violence. Failure to resolve the conflict over
this issue resulted in the community submitting the highest bid to the
government, namely rejecting the company's operations around their settlement
location. Due to its position as the highest bid from the community, the
magnitude of the extent of land conflicts that have a setting in the
community's rejection of the company's operations needs to be read critically.
The
roots of land disputes or conflicts that have occurred in society in recent
times have emerged in various forms. So it is necessary to be identified in
order to find a way out or a form of settlement to be carried out. Conflicts
related to plantation land problems are caused by the following (Ali Afriandy,
2013):
Population
growth continues to increase, so that land becomes an object that continues to
be felt less and less. Thus giving rise to occupational activities and demands
from community groups.
Laws
and regulations are seen as not yet fully regulating the settlement of land
issues including the government's strictness on the existence of communal land
which in fact must be fully recognized and overlapping on the basis of land
ownership rights, it is seen that BPN has not been optimal in managing land
registration, resulting in a weak position of communities and indigenous
peoples towards management rights and traditional culture which are positive in
the eyes of the law because of the implementation of the domain verklaring
principle (land where ownership cannot be formally proven is considered state
property).
Land
issues are sometimes resolved in the political sphere so that legal certainty
has not been fulfilled.
Revocation
of Article 21 jo. Article 47 Law no. 18 of 2004 concerning Plantations by the
Constitutional Court, resulting in reduced legal basis for imposing sanctions
on perpetrators who occupy plantation land.
The
Indonesian government does not have complete boundary data and regional
administrative maps down to the village level, so the status of land or areas
becomes unclear, causing unclear who has the right to manage natural resources
in an area.
The
increasing number of Indonesian Farmers or Foreign Farmers with large capital
controls Land/Land with an area of hundreds or even thousands of hectares
individually under the mask of legality or Permits from the Government of
Indonesia.
Yuliana
Cahya Wulan and friends when researching 70 forestry sector conflicts in
Indonesia during 1997-2003 identified at least five factors of conflict in this
sector, namely: forest encroachment, timber theft, environmental destruction,
regional boundaries or access, and area conversion.
However,
based on the identification of 65 cases of conflicts in Riau involving
communities with companies during the research period conducted by the FKPMR
R&D Team (Riau Community Leaders Communication Forum) in 2003-2007, there
were at least eight factors that caused land conflicts. Delapan
faktor tersebut adalah : Unclear land boundaries,
Forest encroachment by communities and companies, contracts that are considered
by the community not to be fulfilled by the company, Community land grabbing by
the company, Social jealousy because farmer groups managed by the company are
economically better and receive more attention from the company, Compensation
that does not find agreement between the two sides of the community and the
company, and Land grabs between fellow
citizens. Public dissatisfaction with one of the companies At a time when the
economic and social rights of local communities are disturbed and even
threatened to disappear by the company's activities, it will unwittingly give
birth to a conflict in the management of natural resources. This condition
stimulates the occurrence of resistance from the community to the presence of
the company.
F.
Efforts/recommendations for
conflict resolution between communities and companies
Simmel's
sociologist in Robert M.Z Lawang (1997) analyzes several forms or ways of
ending conflict, including eliminating the basis of conflict from the actions
of those in conflict, the victory of one party and the defeat of the other,
compromise, peace and the impossibility of peace. First, the victory of one
party does not always mean that the losing party has completely lost the
enthusiasm and energy to fight. The losing party may freely choose to surrender
once they feel that the outcome cannot be any other way around. In this way the
losing party is spared from having to waste energy, a wasted effort and at the
same time it is also important to maintain the prestige of being able to make
free choices.
Second,
compromise seems impossible if the objects of conflict cannot be shared
(meaning they cannot be shared between the conflicting parties). But Simmel
showed that a compromise could also be reached by providing a
"consolation" gift to the losing side. Indeed, conflicts can be
resolved by one of the parties by handing over something of value as a
substitute for the object in dispute.
Third,
a reconciled relationship is very different from a relationship that has never
been broken. The very high intensity of relations which is sometimes followed
by peace will occur because of the fear that the next rift cannot be reconciled
without undermining the true meaning of peace.
Fourth,
in some cases peace may not be possible. The lack of possibility to reconcile
those in conflict sometimes results in the end of the relationship. But Simmel
suggests that the alternative is for the relationship to be re-established
where irreconcilable issues are not allowed to spoil other aspects of the
relationship. In other words, the conflicting parties agree to disagree.
In
the context of natural resource conflicts, efforts to resolve conflicts made by
the community are very diverse, ranging from simple ones to the court level by
taking legal channels, such as reporting problems (conflicts) to regional
governments (districts), provinces and even to institutions state
administrators, but that is just a figment of the imagination. It is not
surprising that people carry out peaceful demonstrations in brutal ways. This
shows that there is no justice for the community and the government is not in
favor of the interests of the community. This means that the community is the victim
in development, both in the forestry sector and in the plantation sector. The
community's choice is also to resolve conflicts with companies through
negotiations. The spontaneous negotiation process between the two parties
involved in the conflict is considered a simple settlement process and has a
high potential for success, due to the willingness of both parties to
negotiate. However, the spontaneous process sometimes does not get maximum
results, so conflict resolution must be facilitated by a third party. Not
infrequently, the process of resolving conflicts must go through legal channels
as a last resort when all other means are deadlocked.Namun demikian, di
Indonesia jalur hukum sepertinya belum sepenuhnya dapat dipercayai oleh semua
pihak yang terlibat, sehingga cara penyelesaian konflik seperti ini jarang
digunakan.
According
to Max Weber (2000) (Weber & Priyasudiarja, 2000) in a conflict in society, the drug that strengthens them from the conflict
is a new conception of religion, which teaches them to view the pursuit of
wealth not only as progress, but as a task.
Some
of the steps that can be used in resolving land conflicts that occur concerning
communities and companies include:
The
government reforms the conflict resolution policy by creating independent
institutions at the national and regional levels accompanied by conflict
resolution mechanisms and operational procedures (Nurasiah, 2016).
The
government provides space for voluntary mediator institutions to be involved in
conflict resolution both at the national and regional levels.
The
government must immediately identify and map the existence of customary forests
and land so that the parties can guide them in resolving conflicts based on
customary rights claims (Nesi & Kristin, 2018).
There
must be an agreement between the National Land Agency and the Ministry of
Forestry in translating the authority to issue rights in forest areas to a
third party, so that if a conflict resolution occurs through mediation, the
agreement can no longer be countered for reasons of authority.
It
is important to stipulate that for community land conflicts with companies that
are already operating, a temporary pause in company operations must be imposed
while the conflict resolution process is carried out.
Conflict
over natural resources must be seen as something extraordinary, because it can
have an impact on a wider dimension such as SARA conflict, cancellation of
incoming investment, and even cause loss of life which leads to violations of
Human Rights (HAM).
Activate
people's awareness of land rights as a dialectical force against state power.
This movement can be carried out through raising awareness with the assistance
of social activists (NGOs) who have helped a lot so far, including awareness
and advocacy actions.
The
plantation companies are expected to comply with the RSPO (Rountable
Sustainable Palm Oil) principles where the company must care about indigenous
peoples and not conflict with the community.
Companies
that are in conflict with the community no longer use the police as a shield to
deal with actions demanded by the community, but can wisely resolve everything
that concerns the community and the government(Lafari, 2010).
It
is no less important to note that conflict in the form of conflict does not
only occur in social life, but wherever it is, there must be conflict (Masya & Candra, 2016). The other side of a contradiction and conflict is basically a conflict
can be a means to achieve a balance of forces in society. Because the conflict
that arises is a sign that the previously achieved accommodation is no longer
being ignored. Thus, changes were made in the relationship between these forces
so that a balance was achieved again. After all, a conflict can also produce a
form of cooperation with the occurrence of the conflict, each party will do
introspection, then make improvements (Soekanto & Mamudji, 2014). Conflict can also
be interpreted as community control over a wrong action taken by the company (Nuraeni, Anggraeni, & Darwiati, 2016).
Conclusion
Some things that can be drawn as
conclusions are;
1.
The high number of conflicts involving natural resources in Riau
Province occurs due to many factors including community demands on companies,
social jealousy of local communities, land grabbing by communities and
companies, lack of government concern in resolving prolonged conflicts and
several other causes that have different characteristics between regions
related to the development of plantation land.
2.
Resolving land conflicts requires the appreciation of many parties
involved such as the government as policy makers, companies and communities to
provide new enlightenment and agreements that do not harm all parties.
3.
Some of the conflicts that occurred were given alternative
solutions to the solution including; in the form of a study of government
policies on plantation permits, mapping forest and plantation areas to obtain
clear boundaries, eliminating the basis of conflict from the actions of those
in conflict, the victory of one party and defeat on the other, compromise,
peace and the impossibility of reconciliation, intensifying mediation between
conflicting parties and the application of religious teachings as an effort so
that the intensity and duration of conflicts can be reduced or even can reduced especially conflicts that have been
going on for so long.
Chrisnawan, Bobby, & NIM, S. H.
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Zulfikri (2023) |
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First publication right: Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah
Sosial Teknik |
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