Performance Analysis of Nyamplung Oil (Calophyllum Inophyllum) as an Alternative Liquid Electrical Insulation Material to Replace For Power Transformer Oil

In the operation of electric power distribution, the transformer can be said to be the heart of the transmission and distribution of electric power. In recent years the use of vegetable oil is increasing. The purpose of this study was to test and analyze a mix-ture of transformer oil and nyamplung oil (Calophyllum Inophyllum) as transformer insulation and also to obtain the best composition of nyamplung oil which can be used as an alternative to transformer oil. This research method tested the parameters of nyamplung oil and a mixture of nyamplung oil and mineral oil (Shell Diala S4), such as; viscosity, flash point, density, pour point, acidity, moisture content and breakdown voltage. The sample test results are then compared with standard mineral oil according to IEC 60296-2003. From the analysis conducted, it was found that TRNY10 oil mixture (10% transformer oil and 90% mineral oil) has the best potential as power transformer oil.


Introduction
In an era of increasingly advanced world economic development the need for electricity will also increase. In the operation of distributing electric power, the transformer can be said to be the heart of transmission and distribution. Transformer failure creates the biggest problem for transmission and distribution (Mustaghfiroh, 2020). In this condition a transformer is expected to operate optimally continuously without stopping. Given the hard work of a transformer like this, the best way to care and maintain it is also required (Nurhayat, 2016).
There are two types of transformers when viewed from the cooling system, namely dry transformers using air as a cooling medium and wet transformers using oil as a cooling medium (YAQIN & MUHAINI, n.d.). The wet transformer has several advantages over the dry type. Wet transformers have a greater level of energy efficiency, smoother sound, and longer operating life. The oil in the transformer besides being a coolant also functions as an insulator (KARO, n.d.).
Since the 1940s various types of petroleum-based oils have been widely used as transformer oils (Subamia, 2011). These products play an important role around the world. Transformer mineral oil is a type of biodegradable oil. Oil reserves will eventually run out. Petroleum is polluting our environment. Thousands of transformers are located in populated areas, industries, shopping centers and near waterways, so the possibility of contamination will be even higher (Oktaviani & Simanjuntak, 2020).
We can't think of a world without petroleum products. But all of that is not easily available. Oil changes are also difficult. This is a factor why finding other sources of insulation oil is so important (Togatorop & Lestari, 2022).
Indonesia is an agricultural country that has many plants as a source of oil which are spread all over the archipelago, one of which is the nyamplung plant. Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) is a plant that grows a lot in Indonesia (Akbar & Akhir, 2018).
In this study the authors evaluate the possibility of replacing petroleum-based oils with vegetable oils, namely Nyamplung seed oil with transformer oil (AMALIA & Sidik, 2020).

Research methods
The research was carried out using a real experimental method (true experimental research). In this study, the mixing of Shell Diala S4 transformer oil and vegetable oil with different variables was carried out, then physical and chemical properties were tested. The independent variable is a variable whose magnitude is determined and the value of this variable is not influenced by other variables.

Test result
From the test results for nyamplung oil and a mixture of nyamplung oil and transformer oil using each method, the values for viscosity, density, flash point, pour point, acidity, water content and breakdown voltage can be determined (BURNER & ATOMIZING, n.d.).
The results of this test will be compared with the standard parameters of new iso-alation oil according to IEC 60296-2003(Raharjo, 2009. Density test, pour point, acidity, and water content were tested in the laboratory of PT. Sucofindo. Viscosity and flash point tests were carried out in the laboratory of PT. Indoluminium (Suripto, 2017) (Eri, 2020). The breakdown voltage test was tested at PT Seiki. The test sample can be seen in Figure 1 (Suripto, 2017).

Viscosity Test Results
Viscosity is a measure of the amount of resistance provided by the oil to flow, or a measure of the magnitude of the internal shear pressure of a liquid material (Wonda & Negara, 2018).

Pictures 2. Comparison of the viscosity values of various sample concentrations Density Test Results
Density is the mass weight of oil per unit volume (kg/l) at 15 oC. The density test method refers to the ASTM D4052-18 standard (Wonda & Negara, 2018).

Flash Point Test Results
The flash point is the lowest temperature at which oil vapor starts to ignite (Jakfar & Sudarmanta, 2014). The flash point is tested with reference to ASTM -93 standard.

Pour Point Test Results
The pour point is the lowest temperature at which oil can flow when cooled and under certain temperature conditions (Irsyad, n.d.). This test uses the ASTM D9-17b method.

Conclusion
From the test results of several parameters of nyamplung oil and a mixture of nyamplung oil and Shell Diala S4 transformer oil, it can be concluded: 1). TRNY10 (10% nyamplung oil and 90% power transformer mineral oil) has potential as an alternative to power transformer oil. 2). The water content is still quite high because the nyamplung oil was not pre-treated before being tested to reduce the water content, such as using a hot platemagnetic stirrer.