Equivalent:
Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik
Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2023
ANALISIS MINYAK NYAMPLUNG
SEBAGAI BAHAN ISOLASI LISTRIK CAIR ALTERNATIF UNTUK MENGGANTIKAN MINYAK TRAFO
DAYA
Lukman, Yanuar
Zulardiansyah Arief, Adhes Gamayel, Sinka Wilyanti
Fakultas Teknik
Dan Ilmu Komputer, Universitas Global Jakarta, Indonesia
Email: lukmanpraci@gmail.com, yanuar@jgu.ac.id, adhes@jgu.ac.id,
Abstract
In the
operation of electric power distribution, the transformer can be said to be the
heart of the transmission and distribution of electric power. In recent years
the use of vegetable oil is increasing. The purpose of this study was to test
and analyze a mix-ture of transformer oil and nyamplung oil (Calophyllum
Inophyllum) as transformer insulation and also to obtain the best composition
of nyamplung oil which can be used as an alternative to transformer oil. This
research method tested the parameters of nyamplung oil and a mixture of
nyamplung oil and mineral oil (Shell Diala S4), such as; viscosity, flash
point, density, pour point, acidity, moisture content and breakdown voltage.
The sample test results are then compared with standard mineral oil according
to IEC 60296-2003. From the analysis conducted, it was found that TRNY10 oil
mixture (10% transformer oil and 90% mineral oil) has the best potential as
power transformer oil.
Keywords: Power
Transformer; Nyamplung Oil (Calophyllum Inophyllum); Mineral Oil; Breakdown
Voltage; Viscosity; Flash Point; Density; Pour Point; Acidity; Moisture Content.
Introduction
In an era of increasingly advanced
world economic development the need for electricity will also increase. In the
operation of distributing electric power, the transformer can be said to be the
heart of transmission and distribution. Transformer failure creates the biggest
problem for transmission and distribution (Mustaghfiroh,
2020). In this condition a transformer is
expected to operate optimally continuously without stopping. Given the hard
work of a transformer like this, the best way to care and maintain it is also
required (Nurhayat,
2016).
There are two types of transformers
when viewed from the cooling system, namely dry transformers using air as a
cooling medium and wet transformers using oil as a cooling medium (YAQIN
& MUHAINI, n.d.). The wet transformer has several
advantages over the dry type. Wet transformers have a greater level of energy
efficiency, smoother sound, and longer operating life. The oil in the
transformer besides being a coolant also functions as an insulator (KARO,
n.d.).
Since the 1940s various types of
petroleum-based oils have been widely used as transformer oils (Subamia,
2011). These products play an important
role around the world. Transformer mineral oil is a type of biodegradable oil.
Oil reserves will eventually run out. Petroleum is polluting our environment.
Thousands of transformers are located in populated areas, industries, shopping
centers and near waterways, so the possibility of contamination will be even
higher (Oktaviani
& Simanjuntak, 2020).
We can't think of a world without
petroleum products. But all of that is not easily available. Oil changes are
also difficult. This is a factor why finding other sources of insulation oil is
so important (Togatorop
& Lestari, 2022).
Indonesia is an agricultural country
that has many plants as a source of oil which are spread all over the
archipelago, one of which is the nyamplung plant. Nyamplung (Calophyllum
Inophyllum) is a plant that grows a lot in Indonesia (Akbar
& Akhir, 2018).
In this study the authors evaluate the
possibility of replacing petroleum-based oils with vegetable oils, namely
Nyamplung seed oil with transformer oil (AMALIA
& Sidik, 2020).
Research methods
The research was carried out using a
real experimental method (true experimental research). In this study, the
mixing of Shell Diala S4 transformer oil and vegetable oil with different
variables was carried out, then physical and chemical properties were tested.
The independent variable is a variable whose magnitude is determined and the
value of this variable is not influenced by other variables.
Results and Discussion
Test result
From the test
results for nyamplung oil and a mixture of nyamplung oil and transformer oil
using each method, the values for viscosity, density, flash point, pour point,
acidity, water content and breakdown voltage can be determined (BURNER
& ATOMIZING, n.d.).
The results of
this test will be compared with the standard parameters of new iso-alation oil
according to IEC 60296-2003 (Raharjo,
2009). Density test,
pour point, acidity, and water content were tested in the laboratory of PT.
Sucofindo. Viscosity and flash point tests were carried out in the laboratory
of PT. Indoluminium (Suripto,
2017)(Eri,
2020). The
breakdown voltage test was tested at PT Seiki. The test sample
can be seen in Figure 1 (Suripto,
2017).
Figure
1. Tested oil samples
Viscosity Test Results
Viscosity is a
measure of the amount of resistance provided by the oil to flow, or a measure
of the magnitude of the internal shear pressure of a liquid material (Wonda
& Negara, 2018).
Table 1. Viscosity Test
Results
|
NO |
JENIS CAMPURAN |
VICSOSITY @40ºC
(Cst) |
|
1 |
TRNY10 |
9.93 |
|
2 |
TRNY40 |
16.3 |
|
3 |
TRNY70 |
30.14 |
|
4 |
TRNY100 |
61.93 |
Pictures 2.
Comparison of the viscosity values of various sample concentrations
Density Test Results
Density is the
mass weight of oil per unit volume (kg/l) at 15 oC. The density test method
refers to the ASTM D4052-18 standard (Wonda
& Negara, 2018).
Table 3.
Density Test Results
|
NO |
JENIS CAMPURAN |
DENSITAS @15ºC
(Kg/L) |
|
1 |
TRNY10 |
0.82 |
|
2 |
TRNY40 |
0.85 |
|
3 |
TRNY70 |
0.90 |
|
4 |
TRNY100 |
0.92 |
Flash Point Test Results
The flash point
is the lowest temperature at which oil vapor starts to ignite (Jakfar
& Sudarmanta, 2014). The
flash point is tested with reference to ASTM – 93 standard.
Table 4. Flash Point Test Results
|
NO |
JENIS CAMPURAN |
TITIK NYALA (ºC) |
|
1 |
TRNY10 |
152 |
|
2 |
TRNY40 |
162 |
|
3 |
TRNY70 |
170 |
|
4 |
TRNY100 |
202 |
Pour Point Test Results
The pour point
is the lowest temperature at which oil can flow when cooled and under certain
temperature conditions (Irsyad,
n.d.). This
test uses the ASTM D9-17b method.
Table 5. Pour Point Test Results
|
NO |
JENIS CAMPURAN |
TITIK TUANG (ºC) |
|
1 |
TRNY10 |
-9 |
|
2 |
TRNY40 |
-3 |
|
3 |
TRNY70 |
+6 |
|
4 |
TRNY100 |
+9 |
Conclusion
From the test results of several parameters of nyamplung oil
and a mixture of nyamplung oil and Shell Diala S4 transformer oil, it can be
concluded: 1). TRNY10 (10% nyamplung oil and 90% power transformer mineral oil)
has potential as an alternative to power transformer oil. 2). The water content
is still quite high because the nyamplung oil was not pre-treated before being
tested to reduce the water content, such as using a hot plate – magnetic stirrer.
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Lukman, Yanuar Zulardiansyah Arief, Adhes Gamayel, Sinka Wilyanti (2023) |
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