Dinamika Hidrologi Sistem Sungai Tawang-Kapuas dan Implikasinya terhadap Kebijakan Konservasi Lanskap Danau Sentarum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59261/jequi.v8i3.299Keywords:
Konektivitas Aliran, Lahan Basah Tropis, Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air, Respon Presipitasi, Variabilitas MusimanAbstract
Latar belakang: Lanskap Daerah Tangkapan Air Danau Sentarum memiliki peran strategis dalam menjaga stabilitas hidrologi di Kalimantan Barat melalui fungsinya dalam mengatur aliran air yang masuk ke Sungai Kapuas.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi temporal debit Sungai Tawang sebagai saluran utama yang menghubungkan sistem danau Danau Sentarum dengan Sungai Kapuas sepanjang tahun 2024.
Metode: Pengukuran debit sesaat dilakukan setiap minggu pada dua titik pemantauan tetap menggunakan metode velocity-area. Kecepatan aliran permukaan dan profil kedalaman diukur pada sepuluh subseksi setiap transek, kemudian kecepatan permukaan dikonversi menjadi kecepatan rata-rata menggunakan faktor koreksi 0,85.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa debit sesaat mingguan Sungai Tawang berfluktuasi antara 163,9 hingga 793,6 m³/detik dengan rata-rata 483,9 m³/detik, sedangkan debit sesaat Sungai Kapuas berkisar antara 711,0 hingga 2.536,4 m³/detik dengan rata-rata 1.311,1 m³/detik. Meskipun kontribusi rata-rata debit mingguan Sungai Tawang terhadap debit Sungai Kapuas sebesar 36,3% masih sejalan dengan estimasi Klepper (1994) yang berkisar antara 30–50%, penelitian ini mengungkap variabilitas temporal yang lebih dinamis, dengan kontribusi yang berfluktuasi antara 12,7–64,1%. Selain itu, ditemukan fenomena aliran dua arah (reverse flow), yaitu aliran dari Sungai Kapuas menuju Sungai Tawang, dengan debit masuk berkisar antara 45,7 hingga 438,0 m³/detik.
Kesimpulan: Variasi kontribusi debit Sungai Tawang terhadap Sungai Kapuas yang lebih dinamis dibandingkan laporan sebelumnya mengindikasikan potensi perubahan dinamika hidrologi di lanskap Danau Sentarum. Temuan ini menjadi dasar penting bagi evaluasi daya dukung lingkungan dan penyusunan strategi konservasi adaptif untuk menjaga stabilitas hidrologi jangka panjang.
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