Dinamika Hidrologi Sistem Sungai Tawang-Kapuas dan Implikasinya terhadap Kebijakan Konservasi Lanskap Danau Sentarum
Keywords:
konektivitas aliran, lahan basah tropis, pengelolaan sumber daya air, respon presipitasi, variabilitas musimanAbstract
Latar belakang: Lanskap Daerah Tangkapan Air Danau Sentarum memainkan peran strategis dalam menjaga stabilitas hidrologi di Kalimantan Barat melalui fungsi regulasi debit ke Sungai Kapuas.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi temporal debit Sungai Tawang sebagai saluran utama yang menghubungkan sistem danau dengan Sungai Kapuas pada tahun 2024.
Metode: Pengukuran debit mingguan dilakukan menggunakan metode velocity-area melalui pengukuran langsung kecepatan arus dan profil penampang sungai di titik tetap.
Hasil: Hasil kajian menunjukkan debit mingguan sesaat di Sungai Tawang berfluktuasi antara 163,9–793,6 m³/detik (rata-rata 483,9 m³/detik), sementara di Sungai Kapuas berkisar antara 711,0–2.536,4 m³/detik (rata-rata 1.311,1 m³/detik). Meskipun rata-rata kontribusi mingguan debit Sungai Tawang (36,3%) konsisten dengan estimasi Klepper (1994) pada rentang 30–40%, studi ini mengungkap variabilitas temporal yang lebih dinamis dengan fluktuasi antara 12,7% hingga 64,1%. Selain itu, teridentifikasi fenomena aliran balik dari Sungai Kapuas ke Sungai Tawang dengan debit aliran masuk antara 45,7–438,0 m³/detik.
Kesimpulan: Melebarnya rentang kontribusi Sungai Tawang ke Sungai Kapuas mengindikasikan adanya penurunan fungsi pengaturan air dan perubahan respons hidrologi lanskap Danau Sentarum selama tiga dekade terakhir. Temuan ini memberikan dasar empiris bagi pengambil kebijakan untuk melakukan evaluasi daya dukung serta menyusun strategi kebijakan konservasi lanskap yang adaptif guna menjaga stabilitas hidrologi jangka panjang
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