Needs Assessment for Interactive Digital SOP Development in Vocational Culinary Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59261/jequi.v8i3.363Keywords:
Digital SOP, Interactive Learning, Vocational Education, Culinary Laboratory, Food Analysis ToolsAbstract
Background: Vocational education requires students to master practical and industry-relevant skills, particularly in laboratory-based fields such as culinary science and food technology. However, many Indonesian vocational programs still rely on instructor-led demonstrations and provide limited access to structured or digital Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), which may reduce students’ confidence, independence, and accuracy in operating advanced instruments.
Objective: This study aims to identify students’ needs for interactive digital SOPs to support self-directed learning and improve competence in operating laboratory instruments, particularly the Texture Profile Analyzer (TPA) and VolScan Profiler.
Methods: A mixed-methods needs assessment was conducted involving 40 culinary students. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and open-ended responses to explore laboratory experience, instrument familiarity, perceived barriers, and preferred learning media.
Results: The findings showed 75% of students rarely participated in laboratory activities, and 88% relied entirely on instructor guidance. Only 45% had experience using the TPA, while only 5% had used the VolScan Profiler. In addition, 50% reported the absence of written SOPs. The main barriers were equipment-related technical issues (42%), limited operational knowledge (30%), and unclear instructions (15%). Most students preferred video tutorials (83%), supported by simplified language, contextual explanations, QR code-linked manuals, and digital integration.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need to transform static SOPs into interactive, learner-centered digital formats aligned with Outcome-Based Education (OBE), digital literacy development, and the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) framework. These findings provide a foundation for developing digital SOPs that improve procedural understanding, independent learning, and laboratory competence among vocational culinary students.
Downloads
References
Aditomo, A. (2024). Laying the Foundations of Systemic Change in Education: Reflections on Indonesia’s Merdeka Belajar Reform. Ministry of Education.
Alhashem, F., & Alfailakawi, A. (2023). Technology-Enhanced Learning Through Virtual Laboratories in Chemistry Education. Contemporary Educational Technology, 15(4), e474. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/13739
Alsalem, H. (2023). Laboratory Access Implementing QR Code Authentication Using OTP. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics, 12(5), 121–141. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijci.2023.120511
Anwar, C., Sofyan, H., & Ratnaningsih, N. (2024). Digital Technology Practices for Vocational Teachers in the Industrial Revolution 4.0: Mediating Technology Self-Efficacy. Journal of Pedagogical Research. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202424585
Basu, D., & Lohani, V. K. (2023). Learning and Engagement with an Online Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring Education. European Journal of Engineering Education, 48(5), 861–879. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2023.2175199
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Education, D. G. of H. (2024). Buku Panduan Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka. Ministry of Education.
Habibi, A., Sofyan, S., & Mukminin, A. (2023). Factors Affecting Digital Technology Access in Vocational Education. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32755-6
Hollmann, S. (2020). Ten simple rules on how to write a standard operating procedure. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008095
Hortin, G. L. (2024). Strategies for Error Reduction: Why More Stringent Premarket Evaluations Do Little to Prevent Laboratory Errors and Traffic Accidents. Laboratories, 1(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.3390/laboratories1020009
Ibanez, F. C., Merino, G., Marin-Arroyo, M. R., & Beriain, M. J. (2022). Instrumental and Sensory Techniques to Characterize the Texture of Foods Suitable for Dysphagic People: A Systematic Review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 21(3), 2738–2771. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12957
Jungert, T., Forsberg, C., Thornberg, R., Nordlund, L., Hansen, E., Lagerstedt, E., & Levesque, C. (2026). Adolescents’ Experiences of Hate Speech and Psychological Needs: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Journal of Adolescence.
Kumagai, K. (2026). Acceptance of Information Technology: Country-of-origin Effects in Cross-border Acquisition and National Healthcare Contexts. International Journal of Affective Engineering, 25(1), 29–41.
Mahmood, S., & Badrinarayanan, M. K. (2026). Data-Driven Analysis of Digital Mentoring Models Using Cronbach’s Alpha and ANOVA in Higher Education Faculty Development. SN Computer Science, 7(2), 187.
May, D., Terkowsky, C., Varney, V., & Boehringer, D. (2023). Between Hands-On Experiments and Cross Reality Learning Environments: Contemporary Educational Approaches in Instructional Laboratories. European Journal of Engineering Education, 48(5), 783–801. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2023.2248819
Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811678
Peres, S. C. (2022). Human Factors Guidance for Writing Effective Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures. ACS Chemical Health & Safety, 29(6), 476–484. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.2c00056
Rahyasih, Y., Wijaya, W. M., & Syarifah, L. S. (2023). The Need Assessment of Digital Learning Resources for Online Learning in Vocational High Schools. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social, Economics, Business and Education (ICSEBE 2022), 705–710. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-056-5_69
Richardson, J. C., Koehler, A. A., Besser, E. D., Caskurlu, S., Lim, J., & Mueller, C. M. (2022). Instructors’ Conceptualization and Implementation of Scaffolding in Online Higher Education Courses. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 34(1), 242–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09300-3
Robertson, T., & Kobylianskii, K. (2025). QR Codes for On-Demand Student Training in Teaching Laboratories and Data-Driven Feedback for Instructors. Journal of Chemical Education, 102(8), 3609–3614. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c00070
Rosidi, A., Citranu, C., Imawan, R., Mubarak, H., Farna, N., & Rohani, R. (2026). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum: Teori, Paradigma, dan Praktik Kontemporer. CV. Edu Akademi.
Sagit, P., Ucak, E., & Savran Gencer, A. (2025). A Systematic Review on the Pedagogical Use of QR Codes. Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Innovation. https://jstei.com/index.php/jsti/article/view/73/42
Selga, L., Johansson, E., & Andersson, R. (2024). Prediction Models to Evaluate Baking Quality Instruments for Commercial Wheat Flour. Cereal Chemistry, 101(3), 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1002/cche.10772
Shen, B., Wang, Y., Pang, Y., & Bo, J. (2026). Classroom management and individual interest in physical education: A self-determination theory approach. European Physical Education Review, 1356336X261422079.
Sun, Y., & Nembhard, D. A. (2025). The effect of highlighting on cognitive load and visual attention in multimedia learning. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41(22), 13940–13951.
Systems, S. M. (2025). VolScan Profiler for Bakery Products. https://www.stablemicrosystems.com/MeasuringVolumeBakery.html
Taber, K. S. (2018). The Use of Cronbach’s Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
Thompson, J. C., Griffin, J. H., & Link, R. D. (2024). Evaluating Student Engagement with Quick Reference Videos for Common Organic Chemistry Laboratory Techniques. Journal of Chemical Education, 101(12), 5240–5250. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00619
Torras, S., Vilaregut, A., Canaleta, X., & Marti, E. (2024). Needs Analysis for the Design of a Digital Platform to Train Professionals in Online Family Intervention Through Live Supervision of Real Cases. Universal Access in the Information Society, 23(3), 1059–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-01038-2
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Wu, S. (2024). Application of Multimedia Technology to Innovative Vocational Education on Learning Satisfaction in China. PLOS ONE, 19(2), e0298861. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298861
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Efrina Efrina, Mahdiyah Mahdiyah, Alvina Fadila Maulida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
